abstract：:An overview of values for the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) is presented. This comprises the more established TTC values, including those that have been endorsed by regulatory bodies, and those that have more recently been proposed and may still need further development. The overview is structured by use/ex...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hennes EC

更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Work with sub-natural levels of deuterium (D) in animals has demonstrated an anti-cancer effect of low D-concentration in water. Our objective was to investigate whether deuterium-depleted water (DDW) can overturn reverse manganese (Mn)-induced reduction in life span, using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Avila DS,Somlyai G,Somlyai I,Aschner M

更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Prior research suggests that sex hormones and metabolic changes, such as obesity and hyperglycemia, can alter renal transporter expression in rodents. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of kidney efflux transporters and regulatory transcription factors in response to Type I diabetes and pregn...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Yacovino LL,Aleksunes LM

更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to test the influence of nanoparticle size and surface area (SA) on cytokine secretion by co-cultures of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549), macrophages (differentiated THP-1 cells) and endothelium cells (EA.hy926) in a two-compartment system. We used monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticle...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Napierska D,Thomassen LC,Vanaudenaerde B,Luyts K,Lison D,Martens JA,Nemery B,Hoet PH

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are multiple lines of evidence showing that environmental toxicants including pesticides may contribute to neuronal cell death. Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that acts on insect GABA receptors. Although the action of FPN is restricted to insect neuronal or muscular transmitter systems, a few stu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ki YW,Lee JE,Park JH,Shin IC,Koh HC

更新日期：2012-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a proven animal carcinogen. Occupational cohorts with the highest exposures imply that there is a small risk of all cancers combined, but it is difficult to pinpoint the confounding effect of the main chemicals. Studies after major accidents do not unequivocally confirm th...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tuomisto J,Tuomisto JT

更新日期：2012-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to advances in nanotechnology, exposure to particle compounds in the workplace has become unavoidable. Assessment of their toxicity on health is an important occupational safety issue. This study was conducted in mice to investigate the toxicological effects of submicron and nano-iron oxide particles on pulmonary ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ban M,Langonné I,Huguet N,Goutet M

更新日期：2012-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that rituximab has a significant radiosensitizing effect on Raji cells in vitro. To investigate whether calcium signals participate in rituximab- and radiation-induced cell death in Raji cells, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to detect kinetic changes in intracellular free calcium ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Fengling M,Qingxiang G,Lijia Z,Wei Z

更新日期：2012-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic, an early life carcinogen in humans and mice, can initiate lesions promotable by other agents in later life. The biomethylation product of arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), is a multi-site tumor promoter. Thus, pregnant CD1 mice were given drinking water (0 ppm or 85 ppm arsenic) from gestation da...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tokar EJ,Diwan BA,Waalkes MP

更新日期：2012-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulphur mustard (SM) is a blistering agent that causes debilitating damage to the skin, eyes and respiratory system. In cases of severe exposure, immunodepletion can occur as well as death, due to secondary infections. The toxicity of SM is thought to be mediated in part by the alkylation of nucleic acids and proteins...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Jowsey PA,Williams FM,Blain PG

更新日期：2012-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Furocoumarins are a group of natural products with many biological activities. Clinical evidences have demonstrated the important contribution of furocoumarins to the toxicity of some foods and herbs. In order to assess liver and kidney toxicity of furocoumarins, male mice were orally administrated with psoralen, isop...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wang X,Lou YJ,Wang MX,Shi YW,Xu HX,Kong LD

更新日期：2012-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated intracellular Ca(2+) content is implicated in ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Extracellular Ca(2+) influx has been suggested to play a role in this process. However, the exact Ca(2+)-permeable channel involved in the plasma membrane is still unclear. This study investigated the role of stor...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Liu H,Jia X,Luo Z,Guan H,Jiang H,Li X,Yan M

更新日期：2012-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, acrylic fibers, synthetic rubbers and resins that are used in a variety of products including food containers and medical devices. ACN is a possible human carcinogen and a documented animal carcinogen, with the stomach being an important ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hamdy NM,Al-Abbasi FA,Alghamdi HA,Tolba MF,Esmat A,Abdel-Naim AB

更新日期：2012-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AlkD) belongs to a new family of DNA glycosylases; it initiates repair of cytotoxic and promutagenic alkylated bases (its main substrates being 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine). The modification of the comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) using AlkD enzyme thus allows asse...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hašplová K,Hudecová A,Magdolénová Z,Bjøras M,Gálová E,Miadoková E,Dušinská M

更新日期：2012-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Nerve agent toxicity is primarily due to the synaptic build up of toxic levels of acetylcholine. The acute lethal effects of the nerve agents are generally attributed to respiratory failure caused by a combination of effects at both central and peripheral levels and are further complicated by copious secretions, muscl...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： RamaRao G,Bhattacharya BK

更新日期：2012-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most frequent mycotoxins detected in human blood worldwide. Apart from its well known nephrotoxicity, OTA-induced teratogenicity and carcinogenicity proven in animals are potential effects also in humans. Pregnant women have been exposed to this food contaminant via dietary exposure in...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Woo CS,Partanen H,Myllynen P,Vähäkangas K,El-Nezami H

更新日期：2012-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc chloride (0.01 mM kept for 3h) is not toxic to cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) while kainate (0.1mM kept for 3h) demonstrates some but very low toxicity towards these cells. Measurements of the relative intraneuronal zinc ion concentration showed that increase in [Zn(2+)](i) under the simultaneous acti...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lozier ER,Stelmashook EV,Uzbekov RE,Novikova SV,Zorov SD,Alieva IB,Arbeille B,Zorov DB,Isaev NK

更新日期：2012-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, we reported that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the resultant oxidative stress contributes to the cell damage associated with AgNPs. 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is sensitive marker of ROS-induced DNA damage. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is an important DN...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Piao MJ,Kim KC,Choi JY,Choi J,Hyun JW

更新日期：2011-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induce a broad spectrum of toxic effects in various organs including bone. The most susceptible age-groups to the toxic effects of PCBs are foetuses and infants. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate changes in bone geometry, mineral density and biomec...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Elabbas LE,Herlin M,Finnilä MA,Rendel F,Stern N,Trossvik C,Bowers WJ,Nakai J,Tuukkanen J,Viluksela M,Heimeier RA,Akesson A,Håkansson H

更新日期：2011-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of studies have demonstrated that co-exposure to low levels of melamine and cyanuric acid elicits renal toxicity due to the formation of melamine cyanurate crystals in the kidney nephrons. In this work, we investigated if co-exposure of rats to these compounds leads to alterations in the expression of the gen...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Camacho L,Kelly KP,Beland FA,Gamboa da Costa G

更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known as efficient mutagens and ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which has been suggested to play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate the complex relationship between the genotoxicity and the AhR-mediated activity of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hrubá E,Vondráček J,Líbalová H,Topinka J,Bryja V,Souček K,Machala M

更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Victims of nerve agents basically require antidotal treatment. There is need for novel antidotes and for therapeutic procedures that are specifically adapted to these patients. To cope with this challenge, in vitro test systems which are easy to handle and allow for conducting long-term studies would be of great benef...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Drexler B,Seeger T,Grasshoff C,Thiermann H,Antkowiak B

更新日期：2011-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The impact of organophosphorus compound (OP) intoxication on the activity of central respiratory circuitry, causing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and accumulation of acetylcholine in the respiratory brainstem circuits, is not understood. We investigated the central effect of the OP Crotylsarin (CRS) on respir...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Klein-Rodewald T,Seeger T,Dutschmann M,Worek F,Mörschel M

更新日期：2011-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of sanguinarine, a phytoalexin with antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects, on the blastocyst stage of mouse embryos, subsequent embryonic attachment and outgrowth in vitro and in vivo implantation via embryo transfer. Blastocysts treat...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chan WH

更新日期：2011-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA-damaging agents are commonly used as anticancer therapeutics. Unfortunately, such drugs induced DNA damages as well as DNA repair are important in mediating drug resistance to cancer treatments. To evaluate changes in DNA repair proteins that occur in DNA damage agent treatment, we challenged human A549 lung adeno...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Shen YH,Chen BR,Cherng SH,Chueh PJ,Tan X,Lin YW,Lin JC,Chuang SM

更新日期：2011-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Toluene, an industrial organic solvent, is voluntarily inhaled as drug of abuse. Because inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is one of the possible mechanisms underlying developmental neurotoxicity of toluene, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of toluene exposure during two ma...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chen HH,Lin YR,Chan MH

更新日期：2011-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid (DMSA) are considered to be a promising nanomaterial with biocompatibility. In the present study, the effects of DMSA-coated Fe(3)O(4) MNPs on the expression of all identified mouse genes, which regulate various cellular biological proces...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Liu Y,Chen Z,Gu N,Wang J

更新日期：2011-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Di-2-ethylhexyl-terephtalate (DEHT) is a general purpose plasticizer and a structural isomer to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) being known for its toxicity. Despite the fact that DEHT is used in quite a number of synthetics for medical device production including equipment for intravenous administration, t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wirnitzer U,Rickenbacher U,Katerkamp A,Schachtrupp A

更新日期：2011-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is required for both intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints in cell cycle, and plays critical roles in maintaining genomic stability and transducing DNA damage response. Chk1 deficiency has been shown to inhibit T-cell differentiation and resulted in severe anemia in a Chk1 heterozygous mouse mo...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hu W,Zong Q,John-Baptiste A,Jessen B

更新日期：2011-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:New findings on Bisphenol A (BPA) contents in thermal printing papers, and receipts, in g/kg concentrations and on its dermal uptake (up to 60%) prompted us to assess the risk arising from dermal exposure. Using physiologically based toxicokinetic modelling, we simulated concentrations in blood, in liver and kidney, t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Mielke H,Partosch F,Gundert-Remy U

更新日期：2011-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzene is a common occupational hazard and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Benzene exposure at the levels even below 1ppm still showed hematotoxicity. It is widely accepted that the metabolites of benzene play important roles in the benzene toxicity to the hematopoietic system, but little is known about the eff...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Wu XR,Xue M,Li XF,Wang Y,Wang J,Han QL,Yi ZC

更新日期：2011-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:L-Carnitine is a critical metabolite indispensable for the metabolism of lipids as it facilitates fatty acid transport into the mitochondrion where β-oxidation occurs. Human astrocytes (CCF-STTG1 cells) and hepatocytes (HepG2 cells) exposed to aluminum (Al) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), were characterized with lower l...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lemire J,Mailloux R,Darwich R,Auger C,Appanna VD

更新日期：2011-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the last twenty years research has provided an important insight into the mechanisms responsible for the immunotoxicity of both local and systemic adverse reactions following the use of immunostimulating drugs and adjuvants. In this article we provide an update of the present knowledge relating to the various par...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Batista-Duharte A,Lindblad EB,Oviedo-Orta E

更新日期：2011-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyrethroid insecticide (PYR) is used worldwide in agriculture and for indoor extermination of harmful insects. Urinary PYR metabolites (e.g. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3PBA) have been used as the most sensitive biomarker for environmental PYR exposure since the late 1990s. In this study, we examined the effect of organoph...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hirosawa N,Ueyama J,Kondo T,Kamijima M,Takagi K,Fujinaka S,Hirate A,Hasegawa T,Wakusawa S

更新日期：2011-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The handling of elemental gallium is not thought to be harmful, but this assumption does not consider metal coordination which readily occurs in physiological fluids. The aim of this work was to determine Ga(III) coordination behaviour in simple solutions and assess the effects of complex formation upon skin permeatio...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Staff K,Brown MB,Chilcott RP,Hider RC,Jones SA,Kong XL

更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Iodinated contrast media (CM) can induce apoptosis and necrosis of renal tubular cells. The injuries of endothelial cells induced by CM on the systemic condition have not been fully understood. To assess the toxic effects of non-ionic CM on the glomerular and aortic endothelial cells, iopromide and iodixanol, two kind...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zhao Y,Tao Z,Xu Z,Tao Z,Chen B,Wang L,Li C,Chen L,Jia Q,Jia E,Zhu T,Yang Z

更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic (As), a ubiquitous toxic metal, is an important environmental and industrial pollutant throughout the world. Inorganic As (iAs) is usually more harmful than organic ones and with a high risk of diabetes incidence by exposure. However, the toxicological effects of iAs on growth and function of pancreatic β-cell...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lu TH,Su CC,Chen YW,Yang CY,Wu CC,Hung DZ,Chen CH,Cheng PW,Liu SH,Huang CF

更新日期：2011-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of the pesticide fipronil (FIP) towards the differentiation of mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. At concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM that were not cytotoxic, as shown by two different cell viability assays, FIP impaired potently after 24h the development ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sidiropoulou E,Sachana M,Flaskos J,Harris W,Hargreaves AJ,Woldehiwet Z

更新日期：2011-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous in vitro studies showed marked species differences in the reactivating efficiency of oximes between human and animal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. These findings provoked the present in vitro study which was designed to determine the inhibition, aging, spontaneou...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Worek F,Aurbek N,Wille T,Eyer P,Thiermann H

更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, causes ototoxicity in a large percentage of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of epicatechin (EC) as an otoprotective agent to prevent cisplatin toxicity and to investigate the molecular mechanism of EC. The effects of EC on cisplatin-indu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lee JS,Kang SU,Hwang HS,Pyun JH,Choung YH,Kim CH

更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00